Thursday, May 31, 2012

Obama Administration Announces $500 Million for Race to the Top: Early Learning Challenge

Kaiser Health Plans - Obama Administration Announces 0 Million for Race to the Top: Early Learning Challenge.
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How is Obama Administration Announces 0 Million for Race to the Top: Early Learning Challenge

Obama Administration Announces 0 Million for Race to the Top: Early Learning Challenge Video Clips. Duration : 46.35 Mins.


We had a good read. For the benefit of yourself. Be sure to read to the end. I want you to get good knowledge from Kaiser Health Plans . US Secretary of Education Arne Duncan and US Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius today announced a new 0 million state-level grant competition, the Race to the Top-Early Learning Challenge. Joining Duncan and Sebelius at the announcement were business, law enforcement and military leaders who have advocated for increased investments in early learning to reduce crime, strengthen national security, and boost US competitiveness.
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House Session 2012-03-21 (18:06:32-19:07:41)

Kaiser Health Plans - House Session 2012-03-21 (18:06:32-19:07:41).
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How is House Session 2012-03-21 (18:06:32-19:07:41)

House Session 2012-03-21 (18:06:32-19:07:41) Video Clips. Duration : 61.17 Mins.


We had a good read. For the benefit of yourself. Be sure to read to the end. I want you to get good knowledge from Kaiser Health Plans . R5 - a bill that proposes to repeal provisions of the health care overhaul law related to the Independent Payment Advisory Board (IPAB). It also includes changes affecting medical malpractice lawsuits filed in state and federal court by imposing limits on damages, the time in which a malpractice suit can be filed and the types of damages that can be awarded
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Georgia Health Insurance Plans

Kaiser Health Plans - Georgia Health Insurance Plans.
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How is Georgia Health Insurance Plans

Georgia Health Insurance Plans Tube. Duration : 3.02 Mins.


We had a good read. For the benefit of yourself. Be sure to read to the end. I want you to get good knowledge from Kaiser Health Plans . Georgia Health Insurance Plans www.georgiahealthinsuranceratesplans.com We offer a spectrum of cheap, affordable health insurance plans from top health insurance companies like Aetna, Assurant, BlueCross Blue Shield of Georgia (BCBSGA), Coventry Health Care (CVTY), Kaiser Permanente and United Healthcare. Individual Health Insurance - Individuals, not part of a group that pool their resources and risks to cover medical expenses. Family Health Insurance - Families, not part of a group that pool their resources and risks to cover medical expenses. Dental Insurance - Insurance coverage that covers a portion of the costs associated with dental care. Short-term Health Insurance - Temporary health insurance, when between situations, that does not cover pre-existing medical conditions. Medicare Supplimental - Medicare helps bridge the gap for those individuals who cannot afford the rising cost of health care. Group Health Insurance - Coverage underwritten by an emloyer, labor union or professional association. Cheaper than individual plans. Health Savings Accounts (HSA) - Pay for current health expenses and save for qualified medical and retiree health expenses, tax-free. Disability Insurance - Insurance coverage than pays benefits when an individual is unable to perform work. Long Term Care Insurance - Insurance that generally covers the costs of nursing home care. Student Health Insurance - Health insurance for students while they are enrolled at school full time. TURN TO US ...
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The condition Benefits of Kale

Kaiser Health Plans - The condition Benefits of Kale
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When you mention kale, the majority will look up with raised eyebrows and mumble "What"? "What's that"? An old, hardly spoken of and marvelous green food. Kale is a leafy green vegetable with a mild earthy flavor. The season for kale is between mid winter and early spring where it can be found in plentifulness in most yield sections of the local grocery store. However, one can find kale year round. Thankfully, kale is starting to garner well deserved attention due its nutrient rich phytochemical article which provides unparalleled health promoting benefits.

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How is The condition Benefits of Kale

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Kale undoubtedly rich and abundant in calcium, lutein, iron, and Vitamins A, C, and K. Kale has seven times the beta-carotene of broccoli and ten times more lutein. Kale is rich in Vitamin C not to mention the much needed fiber so lacking in the daily diet of processed food eating Americans. The "Icing on the Kale" are the natural occurring all leading phytochemicals sulforaphane and indoles which investigate suggests may safe against cancer. Let's not forget the all leading antioxidant Vitamin E. Rest assured kale spares nothing in providing one with much needed nutrients and linked health benefits.

The plainly rich sulfur article of kale deserves a bit more discussion. Science has discovered that sulforaphane, helps boost the body's detoxification enzymes, maybe by altering gene expression. This is turn is purported to help clear carcinogenic substances in a timely manner. Sulforaphane is formed when cruciferous vegetables like kale are chopped or chewed. This somehow triggers the liver to yield enzymes that detoxify cancer causing chemicals, of which we all are exposed on daily basis. A recently new study in the Journal of nourishment (2004) demonstrates that sulforaphane helps stop breast cancer cell proliferation.

Kale descends from the wild cabbage which originated in Asia and is notion to have been brought to Europe by the Celtics. Kale was an leading food item in early European history and a crop staple in old Rome. Kale was brought to the Usa during the 17th century by English settlers.

A leafy green vegetable starting to gain broad attention, kale belongs to the Brassica family, a group that also includes cabbage, collard greens and Brussels sprouts. Select kale with small leaves as they will be tenderer and offer a sweeter taste. Make kale leaves a regular addition to your salads. A sautéed side dish of kale, onions, and garlic drizzled in olive oil is second to none. Enjoy your kale. You'll be glad did.

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Wednesday, May 30, 2012

Dissemination & Implementation Conference: Day 1 11:15-12:45

Kaiser Health Plans - Dissemination & Implementation Conference: Day 1 11:15-12:45.
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How is Dissemination & Implementation Conference: Day 1 11:15-12:45

Dissemination & Implementation Conference: Day 1 11:15-12:45 Tube. Duration : 97.37 Mins.


We had a good read. For the benefit of yourself. Be sure to read to the end. I want you to get good knowledge from Kaiser Health Plans . 4th Annual NIH Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation: Policy and Practice Agenda: Day 1: March 21, 2011 Invited Panel: International Perspectives on Dissemination and Implementation Research Policy and Practice Russell E. Glasgow, PhD (Moderator) National Cancer Institute, NIH Knowledge Translation Canada Jeremy Grimshaw, MBChB, PhD, FRCGP Canadian Cochrane Network and Centre University of Ottawa Sharon Straus, MD, MSc, FRCPC, HBSc Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital University of Toronto WHO's Perspectives on Implementation Research for Policy and Practice Jane Kengeya-Kayondo, MD, MSc World Health Organization Closing the Treatment Gap: Research Approaches to Implementing What We Know Works in Routine Health Care in Developing Countries Vikram Patel, PhD London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (UK) About the conference: There is a recognized need to close the gap between research evidence and clinical and public health practice and policy. How is this best accomplished? Dissemination and implementation research in health seeks to answer this question, and is gaining momentum as a field of scientific inquiry. The goal of the annual NIH Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation is to facilitate growth in the research base by providing a forum for communicating and networking about the science of dissemination and implementation.
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California Health Insurance, Individuals, Families, Business, Small Groups, Medicare, Seniors,

Kaiser Health Plans - California Health Insurance, Individuals, Families, Business, Small Groups, Medicare, Seniors,.
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How is California Health Insurance, Individuals, Families, Business, Small Groups, Medicare, Seniors,

California Health Insurance, Individuals, Families, Business, Small Groups, Medicare, Seniors, Tube. Duration : 0.95 Mins.


We had a good read. For the benefit of yourself. Be sure to read to the end. I want you to get good knowledge from Kaiser Health Plans . www.pacifichealthbrokers.com, california health insurance plans including anthem, blue shield, health net, Aetna, Cigna, Celtic, Kaiser, insurance quotes on all carriers, no cost service for most affordable plans, cobra solutions,Get quality health insurance at a price you can afford. Whether you are self employed, in between jobs or in need of short-term coverage, we have a cheap health medical insurance plan that right for you
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Capital for Early Stage Innovation

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How is Capital for Early Stage Innovation

Capital for Early Stage Innovation Tube. Duration : 69.93 Mins.


We had a good read. For the benefit of yourself. Be sure to read to the end. I want you to get good knowledge from Kaiser Health Plans . Stefanos Zenios, the Charles A. Holloway Professor and director of the Stanford GSB's Program in Healthcare Innovation, led this interactive panel discussion on raising capital for early-stage healthcare innovations. Panelists included Anne DeGheest of MedStars Venture Partners, Thomas McKinley of Cardinal Partners, Guido Neels of Essex Woodlands, Bryan Roberts of Venrock, and Beth Seidenberg of Kleiner Perkins Caufiled & Byers. Related Links: Stanford GSB Program in Healthcare Innovation: www.gsb.stanford.edu MedStars Venture Partners: www.medstars.com Cardinal Partners: www.cardinalpartners.com Essex Woodlands: www.essexwoodlands.com Venrock: www.venrock.com Kleiner Perkins Caufiled & Byers: www.kpcb.com
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Retirement Community Portland Oregon - Beaverton Lodge Retirement Residence

Kaiser Health Plans - Retirement Community Portland Oregon - Beaverton Lodge Retirement Residence.
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How is Retirement Community Portland Oregon - Beaverton Lodge Retirement Residence

Retirement Community Portland Oregon - Beaverton Lodge Retirement Residence Video Clips. Duration : 5.35 Mins.


We had a good read. For the benefit of yourself. Be sure to read to the end. I want you to get good knowledge from Kaiser Health Plans . Visit: www.showmeportland.tv for more details. Are you looking for a retirement community in Portland, Oregon? Take a look at the Beaverton Lodge Retirement Residence. Centrally Located Beaverton Retirement Apartment Homes offer Tranquility, Entertainment, and a Warm Welcome A Remarkably Warm and Welcoming Retirement Community in Portland, Oregon Located in the heart of Beaverton, the lodge is tucked away in a tranquil park-like, setting, beside a beautiful creek and near lots of amenities. Inside you'll find a warm and welcoming, home‐like atmosphere, friendly staff, a heated indoor mineral saline pool, and spacious, reasonably priced, month-to-month apartment rentals, with no buy in fees. Delicious Food Beaverton Lodge is noted for its great food, and the lodge's Executive Chef caters to a wide variety of personal tastes. Lots of Amenities, an Indoor Heated Mineral Saline Pool, and Social Activities Beaverton Lodge prides itself on its amenities and social activities. The lodge has its own Activity Director who plans a variety of entertainments. You'll find a workout facility on site that is equipped with exercise machines, and if you like swimming, you'll enjoy Beaverton Lodge's indoor mineral saline pool where you can participate in water aerobics or just paddle around. You can also relax in the Lodge's bubbling hot spa. You'll also enjoy the lodge's movie theater, social room, fireside lounge, garden, library, hobby areas and the in‐house beauty parlor and barbershop ...
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Circumcision (Blue Shield of California)

Kaiser Health Plans - Circumcision (Blue Shield of California).
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How is Circumcision (Blue Shield of California)

Circumcision (Blue Shield of California) Tube. Duration : 0.50 Mins.


We had a good read. For the benefit of yourself. Be sure to read to the end. I want you to get good knowledge from Kaiser Health Plans . After years of relative silence, Blue Shield of California starts advertising again, this time with a very "cutting edge" ad campaign...
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Tuesday, May 29, 2012

E-Prescribing

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How is E-Prescribing

E-Prescribing Tube. Duration : 88.33 Mins.


We had a good read. For the benefit of yourself. Be sure to read to the end. I want you to get good knowledge from Kaiser Health Plans . The technical assistance teleconference "E-Prescribing" was presented on November 20, 2009. Embedded at: www.hrsa.gov The presenters for this teleconference were Adil Moiduddi, Stacy Allard & Brian Wagner.
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How to Compare Kaiser Permanente Health Insurance in Detail

Kaiser Health Plans - How to Compare Kaiser Permanente Health Insurance in Detail.
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How is How to Compare Kaiser Permanente Health Insurance in Detail

How to Compare Kaiser Permanente Health Insurance in Detail Video Clips. Duration : 8.48 Mins.


We had a good read. For the benefit of yourself. Be sure to read to the end. I want you to get good knowledge from Kaiser Health Plans . Get your own quote www.healthcoveragequotes.com. Video walkthrough on how to compare individual and family Kaiser Permanente health insurance plans online.
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The Internet as Blackboard

Kaiser Health Plans - The Internet as Blackboard.
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How is The Internet as Blackboard

The Internet as Blackboard Tube. Duration : 56.85 Mins.


We had a good read. For the benefit of yourself. Be sure to read to the end. I want you to get good knowledge from Kaiser Health Plans . Panelists debate how technology can and should be used in the classroom. From search to critical thinking, panellists discuss how students can be empowered to drive their own learning. The panel also includes a teacher from the Waldorf School, a school that purposely limits the use of computers in the classroom.
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Are Postal Workforce Costs Sustainable? (Part 1 of 2)

Kaiser Health Plans - Are Postal Workforce Costs Sustainable? (Part 1 of 2).
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How is Are Postal Workforce Costs Sustainable? (Part 1 of 2)

Are Postal Workforce Costs Sustainable? (Part 1 of 2) Video Clips. Duration : 80.10 Mins.


We had a good read. For the benefit of yourself. Be sure to read to the end. I want you to get good knowledge from Kaiser Health Plans . Are Postal Workforce Costs Sustainable? (Part 1 of 2) - House Oversight Committee - 2011-04-05 - House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Witnesses: The Honorable Louis J. Giuliano, Chairman, Board of Governors, United States Postal Service; The Honorable James C. Miller III, Governor, United States Postal Service; Patrick Donahoe, Postmaster General and Chief Executive Officer, United States Postal Service; Cliff Guffey, President, American Postal Workers Union, AFL-CIO. Video provided by US House of Representatives.
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WVUSD Health Benefits Bottom Line

Kaiser Health Plans - WVUSD Health Benefits Bottom Line.
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How is WVUSD Health Benefits Bottom Line

WVUSD Health Benefits Bottom Line Tube. Duration : 7.28 Mins.


We had a good read. For the benefit of yourself. Be sure to read to the end. I want you to get good knowledge from Kaiser Health Plans . Larry Taylor discusses the bottom line costs of proposed health care plans from Kaiser, Blue Shield, Anthem Blue Cross, and PERS
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Monday, May 28, 2012

Chapter 5 -- Medical Plans

Kaiser Health Plans - Chapter 5 -- Medical Plans.
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How is Chapter 5 -- Medical Plans

Chapter 5 -- Medical Plans Tube. Duration : 7.93 Mins.


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Kaiser Permanente Moving Employees to Burbank Early 2009

Kaiser Health Plans - Kaiser Permanente Moving Employees to Burbank Early 2009.
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How is Kaiser Permanente Moving Employees to Burbank Early 2009

Kaiser Permanente Moving Employees to Burbank Early 2009 Video Clips. Duration : 3.78 Mins.


We had a good read. For the benefit of yourself. Be sure to read to the end. I want you to get good knowledge from Kaiser Health Plans . EmploymentCrossing.com Kaiser Permanente will relocate 1000 employees from its Glendale and Pasadena administrative offices to 3100 Thornton Avenue, California, near the Burbank Airport. Kaiser has entered into a 10 year lease in Burbank, which will likely boost the local economy. Daniel Isenberg, senior corporate real estate manager of Kaiser Foundation Health Plan said, "The increase of Burbank's workforce population will give local businesses a shot in the arm. Jerry Fleming, senior vice president, national health plan manager in California said, The move to this building demonstrates Kaiser Permanente's commitment to employees' quality of work life, the environment, and the communities where we serve. Further, the centralization of Kaiser Permanente's Marketing, Sales, Service, & Administration will create greater opportunities for more effective teamwork and operations." The three-phase relocation process begins the weekend of October 17, 2008, and continues into November. The final phase of the move will be completed in the first quarter of 2009. Kaiser Permanente is one of the nation's leading integrated health plans. Founded in 1945, it is a nonprofit, group practice prepayment program with Southern California headquarters in Pasadena, California. Kaiser Permanente serves the health care needs of 3.3 million members in Southern California.
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Riverton on the Platte Apartments in Englewood, CO - ForRent.com

Kaiser Health Plans - Riverton on the Platte Apartments in Englewood, CO - ForRent.com.
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How is Riverton on the Platte Apartments in Englewood, CO - ForRent.com

Riverton on the Platte Apartments in Englewood, CO - ForRent.com Tube. Duration : 1.87 Mins.


We had a good read. For the benefit of yourself. Be sure to read to the end. I want you to get good knowledge from Kaiser Health Plans . Riverton on the Platte Apartments for rent in Englewood, CO on ForRent.com: (888) 327-3984 - www.forrent.com Availability, pricing and special promotions subject to change daily. Are you looking for a NEW way to live? If so, the Riverton on the Platte lifestyle is waiting for you! Our community is surrounded by bike trails, shopping, dining, and located just ten minutes from all the action in Downtown Denver. We are located right on Santa Fe and Hampden, right across from the Englewood lightrail station! Gated community with detatched garages, carports, and 2 level parking structure. Beautiful new clubhouse with all the ammenities you deserve. Year round resort style pool, hot tub, 24 hour fitness center with state of the art equipment, pool table, poker table, buisness center, and Starbucks coffee machine! Choose from our 6 thoughtfully designed floor plans with all the extras. Gourmet kitchens with islands, designer cabinetry, ice makers, black on black GE appliances, and wood-style flooring. Indulgent bedrooms and baths with 9 foot ceilings, ceiling fans, oval soaking tubs, double vanities, and walk in closets. Full size washer and dryer connections and large balconies with additional storage. Upgrade to granite countertops, stainless steel appliances, and designer carpet and lighting! Ask us about our preferred employeer discount program! If you work or attend school at one of the following, you qualify for a 3% rental discount; River Point Shopping Center, Swedish ...
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Small Business Owner Fears Obamacare's Impact on Jobs and Economy

Kaiser Health Plans - Small Business Owner Fears Obamacare's Impact on Jobs and Economy.
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How is Small Business Owner Fears Obamacare's Impact on Jobs and Economy

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We had a good read. For the benefit of yourself. Be sure to read to the end. I want you to get good knowledge from Kaiser Health Plans . In 2006, when Indiana small-business owner Scott Womack purchased a development agreement to expand his IHOP franchise into Ohio, he had no idea Congress would pass a massive overhaul of the health care system four years later. Today, one year after that legislative overhaul became law, Womack is very aware of Obamacare -- and of its effects on his plans for growth. Under the year-old law, Womack must provide health insurance to all full-time employees beginning in 2014. Right now, he employs nearly 1000 full- and part-time workers and already offers insurance to his management staff. He simply does not know how he'll generate the revenue to do more. Womack estimates the cost of the law to his company will be 50 percent greater than his company's earnings -- in other words, beyond his ability to pay. That's not because his company of 12 IHOP restaurants in Indiana and Ohio is unprofitable. Quite the opposite, in fact. By industry standards, he's doing well. But labor-intensive restaurants generate profits of just 5 percent to 7 percent per employee. With fears about how he'll afford to provide health insurance with those low profit margins, Womack is worried about his expansion plans in Ohio. He can't exactly cancel his development agreement. But he'll only be able to fund his new restaurants -- and the construction, real estate and manufacturing jobs that would go along with them -- if Obamacare is repealed. "If the health care reform law is not repealed or if the ...
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Advertising - high-priced data Or Vicious Manipulation?

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Is advertising the ultimate means to acquaint and help us in our everyday decision-making or is it just an excessively considerable form of mass deception used by fellowships to persuade their prospects and customers to buy products and services they do not need? Consumers in the global hamlet are exposed to increasing whole of advertisement messages and spending for advertisements is increasing accordingly.

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It will not be exaggerated if we quit that we are 'soaked in this cultural rain of marketing communications' through Tv, press, cinema, Internet, etc. (Hackley and Kitchen, 1999). But if thirty years ago the marketing communication tools were used in general as a product-centered tactical means, now the promotional mix, and in particular the advertising is focused on signs and semiotics. Some argue that the marketers' efforts at last are "turning the economy into stamp so that it means something to the consumer" (Williamson, cited in Anonymous, Marketing Communications, 2006: 569). One necessary consequence is that many of the contemporary advertisements "are selling us ourselves" (ibid.)

The abovementioned process is influenced by the commoditisation of products and blurring of consumer's own perceptions of the companies' offering. In order to differentiate and position their products and/or services today's businesses employ advertising which is sometimes thought about not only of bad taste, but also as deliberately intrusive and manipulative. The issue of bad advertising is topical to such extent that organisations like Adbusters have embraced the tactics of subvertising - revealing the real intend behind the contemporary advertising. The Adbusters magazine editor-in-chief Kalle Lason commented on the corporate image building communication activities of the big companies: "We know that oil fellowships aren't no ifs ands or buts friendly to nature, and tobacco fellowships don't no ifs ands or buts care about ethics" (Arnold, 2001). On the other hand, the "ethics and social accountability are foremost determinants of such long-term gains as survival, long-term profitability, and competitiveness of the organization" (Singhapakdi, 1999). Without communications strategy that revolves colse to ethics and social accountability the concepts of total capability and customer relationships building become elusive. However, there could be no easy clear-cut ethics method of marketing communications.

Advertising - Prescious data Or Vicious Manipulation?

In order to get insights into the consumer perception about the role of advertising we have reviewed a whole of articles and conducted four in-depth interviews. A whole of research papers reach opposed conclusions. These vary from the ones stating that "the ethicality of a firm's behavior is an foremost consideration while the purchase decision" and that consumers "will reward ethical behavior by a willingness to pay higher prices for that firm's product" (Creyer and Ross Jr., 1997) to others stressing that "although consumers may express a desire to withhold ethical companies, and punish unethical companies, their actual purchase behaviour often remains unaffected by ethical concerns" and that "price, capability and value outweigh ethical criteria in consumer purchase behaviour" (Carrigan and Attalla, 2001). Focusing on the advertising as the most foremost marketing communication tool we have constructed and conducted an interview consisting of four themes and nine questions. The conceptual frame of this paper is built on these four themes.

Theme I. The Ethics in Advertising

The first theme comprises two initial questions about the ethics in advertising in general.

I.A. How would you define the ethics in advertising?

The term ethics in company involves "morality, organisational ethics and expert deontology" (Isaac, cited in Bergadaa', 2007). Every manufactures has its own guidelines for the ethical requirements. However, the necessary four requirements for marketing communications are to be legal, decent, honest and truthful. Unfortunately, in a society where the course of action of the fellowships is thought about by profit targets the use of marketing communications messages "may constitute a form of social pollution through the potentially damaging and unintended effects it may have on consumer decision making" (Hackley and Kitchen, 1999).

One of the interviewed respondents stated that "the most thriving fellowships do no need ethics in their activities because they have built empires." another view is that "sooner or later whoever is not ethical will face the negative consequences."

I.B. What is your perception of the importance of ethics in advertising?

The second demand is about the importance of being moral when communicating with/to your target audiences and the way consumers/customers view it. In distinct research papers we have found quite opposing conclusions. Ethics of company seems to be evaluated either as very foremost in the decision making process or as not no ifs ands or buts a serious factor in this process. An example of rather ultimate stance is that "disaster awaits any brand that acts cynically" (Odell, 2007).

It may seem inevitable that the accountability should be carried by the advertiser because "his is the key accountability in keeping advertising clean and decent" (Bernstein, 1951). On the other hand the companies' actions are defined by the "the canons of social accountability and good taste" (ibid.). One of the interviewees said:

"The only responsible for giving decent advertising is the one who profits at the end. Company's profits should not be at the price of society."

Another one stated that "our culture and the level of societal awareness rule the good and bad in advertising".

The increased importance of marketing communications ethics is underscored by the need of applying more dialogical, two-way communications approaches. The "demassification technologies have the inherent to facilitate dialogue", but the "monologic" attitude is still the illustrious one (Botan, 1997). Arnold (2001) points out the cases of Monsanto and Esso which had to pay "a price for its [theirs] one-way communications strategy". In this train of idea we may communicate ethics in advertisements from two distinct perspectives as recommend by our respondents and distinct points of view in the reviewed papers. The first one is that it is imperative to have one tasteless code of ethics imposed by the law. The other affirms the independence and accountability of every manufactures for setting its own standards.

Theme Ii. Which type of regulation should be the foremost one in the field of advertising?

The next theme directs the concentration towards the regulation principles which should be the original one. Widely approved idea is that both self regulation and legal controls should work in synergy. In other words the codes of practice are meant to complement the laws. However, in inevitable countries there are stronger legal controls over the advertising, e.g. In Scandinavia. On the other hand the industry's self regulation is favorite in the Anglo-Saxon world. Still, not everybody agrees with the laissez-faire concept.

One of our respondents said:

"I believe governments should enforce stricter legal frame and harsher punishment for fellowships which do not comply with the law."

Needless to say, the social acceptability varies from one culture/country to another. At the end of the day "good taste or bad is largely a matter of the time, the place, and the individual" (Bernstein, 1951). It would be also probably impossible to set clear-cut detailed rules in the era of Internet and interactive Tv. Therefore, both types of regulation should be applied with the ultimate aim of reaching equilibrium in the middle of the sacred right of relaxation of option and data and minimizing inherent total offence. Put differently, the goal is synchronising the "different ethical frameworks" of marketers and "others in society" in order to fill the "ethics gap" (Hunt and Vitell, 2006).

Theme Iii. Article of Advertisements.

Probably the most controversial issue in the field of marketing communications is the Article of advertisements. Nwachukwu et al. (1997) distinguish three areas of interest in terms of ethical judgment of ads: "individual autonomy, consumer sovereignty, and the nature of the product". The individual autonomy is involved with advertising to children. consumer sovereignty deals with the level of knowledge and sophistication of the target audience whereas the ads for harmful products are in the centre of social idea for a long time. We have added two more perspectives to arrive at five questions in the conducted interviews. The first one concerns the advertisement that imply sense of guilt and praise affluence that in the most cases cannot be achieved and the second one is about advertisements stimulating desire and satisfaction through acquisition of material goods.

Iii.A. What is your attitude towards the advertisement of harmful products?

A typical example is the advertisement of cigarettes. Nowadays we cannot see slogans like "Camel Agrees with Your Throat" (Chickenhead, accessed 25th September 2007) or "Chesterfield - Packs More satisfaction - Because It's More Perfectly Packed!" (Chickenhead, accessed 25th September 2007). The general advertisement, sponsorship and other marketing communications means are already prohibited to be used by cigarette producers. Surprisingly, most of the answers of the respondents were not against the cigarettes advertisement. One of the respondents said:

"People are well informed about the consequences of smoking so it is a matter of personal choice."

As with many other contemporary products the shift in communications messages for cigarettes is oriented towards stamp and image building. The same can be said for the alcohol ads. A well-known example of emotional advertising is the Absolut Vodka campaign. From Absolut Nectar, through Absolut Fantasy to Absolut World the Swedish drink no ifs ands or buts aims to be Absolut... Everything.

Advertising of hazardous products is even more harshly criticised when it is aimed at audiences with low individual autonomy, i.e. Children. Two main issues in this respect are the manipulation of cigarettes and alcohol as "the rite of passage into adulthood" and the fact that "sales of health-hazardous products (alcohol, cigarettes) create freely without much disapproval" (Bergadaa, 2007).

Iii.B. What is your attitude towards the advertisement to children?

Children are not only customers, but also consumers, influencers and users in the family Decision-Making Unit (Dmu). Additional strangeness is that they are too impressionable to be deciders in the Dmu. At the same time it is not a private that marketers apply "the same basic strategy of trying to sell the parent through the child's insistence on the purchase" (Bernstein, 1951). It is not a surprise then that "spending on advertising for children has increased five-fold in the last ten years and two thirds of commercials while child television programs are for food products" (Bergadaa 2007). In the Us alone children describe a direct purchases market of billion worth (McNeal cited in Bergadaa, 2007) which no ifs ands or buts is on the top of the agendas of many companies. While exploiting children's decision-making immaturity advertisers often go too far in dematerialising their products and "teleporting children out of the tangible and into the virtual world of brand names" (Bergadaa 2007). Immature virtual worlds like Habbo where snack food brands run advertising campaigns are already a fact of life (Goldie, 2007). The imaginative worlds are beloved not only online. Hugely thriving for creating a fantasy world is Mc Donald's. The company tops the European list of kids' advertisers while more than half of the children's adverts are for junk food.

In some countries there are harsher restrictions to the children advertising.

• "Sweden and Norway do not permit any television advertising to be directed towards children under 12 and no adverts at all are allowed while children's programmes.
• Australia does not allow advertisements while programmes for pre-school children.
• Austria does not permit advertising while children's programmes, and in the Flemish region of Belgium no advertising is permitted 5 minutes before or after programmes for children.
• Sponsorship of children's programmes is not permitted in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden while in Germany and the Netherlands, although it is allowed, it is not used in practice." (McSpotlight, accessed 20th September 2007).

According to a research by Roberts and Pettigrew (2007) the most frequent themes in children advertising are "grazing, the denigration of core foods, exaggerated health claims, and the implied capability of inevitable foods to heighten popularity, doing and mood." But the junk food is not the only surmise for parents' preoccupation. Agreeing to a study of Kaiser family Foundation (Dolliver, 2007) parents are involved about the whole of advertising of the following products (in order of importance): toys, video games, clothing, alcohol/beer, movies, etc.

The interviewed respondents were unanimous: "The advertising to children should be strictly monitored." Similar results were obtained in surveys by Rasmussen Reports and Kaiser family Foundation. Nevertheless, the legal means are just one part of the children's protection. The other part involves "the decision-making accountability of parents and teachers" which is "to support their children in developing a skeptical attitude to the data in advertising" (Bergadaa 2007). The marketers themselves should also be complex in shaping the moral principles of our hereafter and "each brand should have its own deontology - a code of practice concerning children - rather than rely on manufactures codes" (Horgan, 2007).

Iii.C. Do you think there are many misleading, exaggerating and confusing advertisements. Are many ads promising things that are not inherent to achieve?

It will not be exaggerated to state that advertising is in a sense "salesmanship addressed to masses of inherent buyers rather than to one buyer at a time" (Bernstein, 1951). Since "salesmanship itself is persuasion" (ibid.) we cannot merely blame advertisers for pursuing their sales goals. However, in the last twenty years or so advertisers have increasingly applied semiotics in their messages and as a consequence ads have begun to function more and more as symbols. One ultimate case in this stream of advertising is the creation of idealised image of a person who uses the advertised product. Bishop (2000) draws our concentration to two "typical representatives of self-identity image ads" which entice consumers to scheme the respective images to themselves through use of the products:

- "The gorgeous Woman";
- "The Sexy Teenagers.

Through setting of such stereotypes advertisers not only mislead the social and exaggerate the effects of products but also provoke low self-esteem in consumers. At the same time they promise results that in most cases are naturally impossible to achieve. Instead of promoting "'glamorous' anorexic body images" communication messages should use "varied body types" and should drop the idea of the "impossible physical body images" (Bishop, 2000).

To demand Iii.C one of the respondents commented:

"The customers of these products [the ones advertised through thin models] are mostly population who do not have the same physical characteristic. For me, this type of advertising is deliberately aimed at population to make them feel not complete, far from attractive social outsiders."

However, another interviewed stated that: "every person has his own way of evaluating what is believable and what is misleading. Consumers are sufficient sophisticated to know what is exaggerated."

Similarly, Bishop (2000) concludes that "image ads are not false or misleading", and "whether or not they advocate false values is a matter for subjective reflection." The author argues that image ads do not interfere with our internal autonomy and if population are misled, it is because they want it. It is all about our free option of behaviour and no advertisement can modify our desires. Perhaps, the truth lies somewhere in-between the two ultimate positions.

Iii.D. What is your attitude towards advertisement that imply sense of guilt, and praise affluence that in the most cases cannot be achieved?

A more definite case of controversial advertising is the one used to "promote not so much self indulgence as self doubt"; the one that "seeks to originate needs, not to fulfill them: to originate new anxieties instead of allaying old ones" (Hackley and Kitchen, 1999). A response of our interviewee reads:

"It is not only a matter of advertising. It has to do with the social inequality and the desire to possess what you can not."

Hackley and Kitchen (1999) refer to this contrast as to "when reality does not match the image of affluence and the follow is a subjective feeling of dissonance". The issue could be elaborated Additional through the next question.

Iii.E. Are advertisements stimulating desire and satisfaction through acquisition of material goods moral?

We live in a society which is more or less marked by materialism. Advertisements are often blamed to fuel consumption which is allegedly foremost to happiness. The role of promoting satisfaction through acquisition of material goods has become so foremost that currently the "media products are characterised by relativism, irony, self referentiality and hedonism" (Hackley and Kitchen, 1999). Is the beloved saying "those who die with most toys win" no ifs ands or buts a motivator in consumers' behavior and could consumption be the cure of emotional dissonance? This seems to be the case provided a brand succeeds to enter in the evoked set of consumer choices. This new "kind of materialism" goes hand in hand with "the emergence of individualism via sheer hedonism along with narcissism and selfishness" (Bergadaa 2007).

Theme Iv. Is the quantity of advertisements justified?

Iv.A. Do you think there is too much advertising?

An audit of food advertising aimed at children in Australia by Roberts and Pettigrew (2007) revealed that "28.5 hours of children's television programming sampled contained 950 advertisements." Actually, we all are being bombarded by ads on Tv, Internet, print media, etc. The whole and Article of marketing communications messages puts the consumer's data processing capacity to a test. The exposure to marketing data overload often leads to diluted consumer's selective perception. either our responses are circumscribed by "confusion, existential despair, and loss of moral identity" or we "adapt constructively to the [communications] Leviathan and become intelligent, cynical, streetwise" (Hackley and Kitchen, 1999) is a demand open to debate.

Two opposite streams of attitudes were produced in our research. One stance is involved with the undue quantity of advertisement. The other stream proclaims that "If there is an advertisement, so it is justified by a need." We agree that the communications overload may no ifs ands or buts have "pervasive follow on the social ecology of the developed world" (Hackley and Kitchen, 1999). If the increasing communication pollution is not managed properly by both legal and manufactures points of view yet again the advertising will manage "to hoist its foot to its own mouth and kick out a concentrate of its own front teeth" (Bernstein, 1951).

Conclusion

In preparing of this paper we have used qualitative depth interviews in order to get insights for what actual customers opine. We have also substantiated our presentation with references to a whole of influential articles in the field of ethics in marketing communications. Generally, our respondents as well as discrete authors have taken two opposing stances. The first one affirms that ethics in marketing communications matters considerably, whereas the other one downsizes the importance of ethics, thereby stressing the role of other factors in consumer decision-making, i.e. Price, brand loyalty, convenience, etc.

Marketers should understand their "responsibility for the emerging portrait of hereafter society" (Bergadaa 2007). Not only there is a need of legal ethical frame but also expert ethical benchmarks and deontology should be in place. One of the main challenges is to avoid creating "a happy customer in the short term", because "in the long run both consumer and society may suffer as a direct follow of the marketer's actions in 'satisfying' the consumer" (Carrigan and Attalla, 2001).

The strength of the advertisement affect exerted on consumers is only one part of the equation. On the other hand we may affirm that consumers are not morally subservient and Agreeing to the data process models there is a natural cognitive defense. The communications tools "offer us a theatre of our own imagination" (Hackley and Kitchen, 1999). Consequently, we accept the reality in terms of our own experiences. In this sense marketers do not originate reality - they are naturally a mirror of the society. We may argue that unfortunately this is not always the case.

Advertising is often deservedly seen as the embodiment of consumer relaxation and choice. Notwithstanding this foremost role, when the option is "between one candy bar and another, the most recent savoury snack or sweetened breakfast cereal or fast food restaurant" (McSpotlight, accessed 20th September 2007) it represents whatever else but not an alternative and no ifs ands or buts not a salutary one.

The words of Bernstein (1951), said fifty-six years ago are still very much a demand of present interest: "It is not true that if we 'save advertising, we save all,' but it seems reasonable to assume that if we do not save advertising, we might lose all."

Anonymous (2006). Module Book 6, Marketing Communications, University of Leicester.

Arnold, M. (2001). Walking the Ethical Tightrope (Marketing Corporate social Responsibility), Marketing, 7/12/1001, p. 17.

Bergadaa M. (2007). Children and Business: Pluralistic Ethics of Marketers, society and company Review, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 53-73.

Bernstein, S. R. (1951). Good Taste in Advertising, Harvard company Review, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 42-50.

Bishop, J. D. (2000). Is Self-Identity Image Advertising Ethical?, company Ethics Quarterly, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 371-398.

Botan, C. (1997). Ethics in Strategic communication Campaigns: The Case for a New coming to social Relations, Journal of company Communication, Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 188-202.

Carrigan, M. And Attalla, A. (2001). The Myth of the Ethical consumer - Do Ethics Matter in purchase Behaviour?, Journal of consumer Marketing, Vol. 18, No. 7, pp. 560-577.

Chickenhead, 'Truth in advertising'. Online. Ready at: chickenhead.com/truth/chesterfield6.html (accessed 25th September 2007).

Chickenhead, 'Truth in advertising'. Online. Ready at: chickenhead.com/truth/camel1.html (accessed 25th September 2007).

Creyer, E. H. And Ross Jr. W. T. (1997). The affect of Firm Behavior on purchase Intention: Do Consumers no ifs ands or buts Care About company Ethics?, Journal of consumer Marketing, Vol. 14, No. 6, pp. 421-432.

Dolliver, M. (2007). A Parental Dim View of Advertising, Adweek, Vol. 48, No. 26, pp. 25.

Goldie, L. (2007). Brands Free To Use Virtual Worlds To Target Kids, New Media Age, 8/9/2007, p. 2.

Hackley, C. E. And Kitchen P. J. (1999). Ethical Perspectives on the Postmodern Communications Leviathan, Journal of company Ethics, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 15-26.

Horgan, S. (2007). Online Brands Need Their Own Ethical Guidelines, Marketing Week, Vol. 30, No. 26, p. 30.

Hunt, S. D. And Vitell, S. J. (2006). The general principles of Marketing Ethics: A improvement and Three Questions, Journal of Macromarketing; Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 143-153.

McSpotlight, 'Advertising to children, Uk the worst in Europe' Online. Ready at: mcspotlight.org/media/press/food_jan97.html, (accessed 20th September 2007).

Nwachukwu, S.L.S, Vitell, Jr. S.J., Gilbert, F.W., Barnes, James H. (1997). Ethics and social accountability in Marketing: An exam of the Ethical estimate of Advertising Strategies, Journal of company Research, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 107-118.

Odell, P. (2007). Marketing under the Influence, Promo, Vol. 20, No. 6, p. 27.

Roberts, M. And Pettigrew, S. (2007). A Thematic Article determination of Children's Food Advertising, International Journal of Advertising, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 357-367.

Singhapakdi, A. (1999). Perceived importance of Ethics and Ethical Decisions in Marketing,
Journal of company Research, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 89-99.

Stanford University, 'Alcoholic Advertisements'. Online. Ready at: stanford.edu/class/linguist34/advertisements/alcohol%20ads/index.htm, (accessed 20th September 2007).

Vintage Virginia Slims, Online. Ready at: freenet-homepage.de/mshel120/vintage/vintage-vs.html, (accessed 25th September 2007).

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Sunday, May 27, 2012

President Obama: Health Reform Town Hall at North Carolina High School

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We had a good read. For the benefit of yourself. Be sure to read to the end. I want you to get good knowledge from Kaiser Health Plans . President Obama holds a town hall in Raleigh, North Carolina, focused on health insurance reform and small business. He discusses the economy and the need for health care reform, as well as the eight health insurance consumer protections, which are core principles that demonstrate how health insurance reform will affect you and your family. July 29, 2009. (Public Domain)
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Hospice Fraud - A delineate For Employees, Whistleblowers, Attorneys, Lawyers and Law Firms

Kaiser Health Insurance Plans - Hospice Fraud - A delineate For Employees, Whistleblowers, Attorneys, Lawyers and Law Firms
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Hospice fraud in South Carolina and the United States is an expanding qoute as the whole of hospice patients has exploded over the past few years. From 2004 to 2008, the whole of patients receiving hospice care in the United States grew roughly 40% to nearly 1.5 million, and of the 2.5 million population who died in 2008, nearly one million were hospice patients. The astonishing majority of population receiving hospice care receive federal benefits from the federal government through the Medicare or Medicaid programs. The condition care providers who supply hospice services traditionally enroll in the Medicare and Medicaid programs in order to qualify to receive payments under these government programs for services rendered to Medicare and Medicaid eligible patients.

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How is Hospice Fraud - A delineate For Employees, Whistleblowers, Attorneys, Lawyers and Law Firms

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While most hospice condition care organizations supply standard and ethical treatment for their hospice patients, because hospice eligibility under Medicare and Medicaid involves clinical judgments which may consequent in the payments of large sums of money from the federal government, there are big opportunities for fraudulent practices and false billing claims by unscrupulous hospice care providers. As up-to-date federal hospice fraud enforcement actions have demonstrated, the whole of condition care companies and individuals who are willing to try to defraud the Medicare and Medicaid hospice benefits programs is on the rise.

A up-to-date example of hospice fraud spellbinding a South Carolina hospice is Southern Care, Inc., a hospice company that in 2009 paid .7 million to decide an Fca case. The defendant operated hospices in 14 other states, too, including Alabama, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia and Wisconsin. The alleged frauds were that patients were not eligible for hospice, to wit, were not terminally ill, lack of documentation of final illnesses, and that the company marketed to potential patients with the promise of free medications, supplies, and the provision of home condition aides. Southern Care also entered into a 5-year Corporate Integrity deal with the Oig as part of the settlement. The qui tam relators received roughly million.

Understanding the Consequences of Hospice Fraud and Whistleblower Actions

U.S. And South Carolina consumers, including hospice patients and their house members, and condition care employees who are employed in the hospice industry, as well as their Sc lawyers and attorneys, should inform themselves with the basics of the hospice care industry, hospice eligibility under the Medicare and Medicaid programs, and hospice fraud schemes that have advanced across the country. Consumers need to safe themselves from unethical hospice providers, and hospice employees need to guard against knowingly or unwittingly participating in condition care fraud against the federal government because they may field themselves to administrative sanctions, including lengthy exclusions from working in an club which receives federal funds, big civil monetary penalties and fines, and criminal sanctions, including incarceration. When a hospice employee discovers fraudulent guide spellbinding Medicare or Medicaid billings or claims, the employee should not share in such behavior, and it is imperative that the unlawful guide be reported to law enforcement and/or regulatory authorities. Not only does reporting such fraudulent Medicare or Medicaid practices shield the hospice employee from exposure to the foregoing administrative, civil and criminal sanctions, but hospice fraud whistleblowers may benefit financially under the reward provisions of the federal False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. §§ 3729-3732, by bringing false claims suits, also known as qui tam or whistleblower suits, against their employers on behalf of the United States.

Types of Hospice Care Services

Hospice care is a type of condition care assistance for patients who are terminally ill. Hospices also supply withhold services for the families of terminally ill patients. This care includes corporeal care and counseling. Hospice care is ordinarily provided by a communal agency or hidden company stylish by Medicare and Medicaid. Hospice care is available for all age groups, including children, adults, and the elderly who are in the final stages of life. The purpose of hospice is to supply care for the terminally ill outpatient and his or her house and not to cure the final illness.

If a outpatient qualifies for hospice care, the outpatient can receive healing and withhold services, including nursing care, healing communal services, physician services, counseling, homemaker services, and other types of services. The hospice outpatient will have a team of doctors, nurses, home condition aides, communal workers, counselors and trained volunteers to help the outpatient and his or her house members cope with the symptoms and consequences of the final illness. While many hospice patients and their families can receive hospice care in the relax of their home, if the hospice patient's condition deteriorates, the outpatient can be transferred to a hospice facility, hospital, or nursing home to receive hospice care.

Hospice Care Statistics

The whole of days that a outpatient receives hospice care is often referenced as the "length of stay" or "length of service." The distance of assistance is dependent on a whole of different factors, including but not petite to, the type and stage of the disease, the quality of and access to condition care providers before the hospice referral, and the timing of the hospice referral. In 2008, the midpoint distance of stay for hospice patients was about 21 days, the midpoint distance of stay was about 69 days, roughly 35% of hospice patients died or were discharged within 7 days of the hospice referral, and only about 12% of hospice patients survived longer than 180 days.

Most hospice care patients receive hospice care in hidden homes (40%). Other locations where hospice services are provided are nursing homes (22%), residential facilities (6%), hospice outpatient facilities (21%), and acute care hospitals (10%). Hospice patients are ordinarily the elderly, and hospice age group percentages are 34 years or less (1%), 35 - 64 years (16%), 65 - 74 years (16%), 75 - 84 years (29%), and over 85 years (38%). As for the final illness resulting in a hospice referral, cancer is the analysis for roughly 40% of hospice patients, followed by debility unspecified (15%), heart disease (12%), dementia (11%), lung disease (8%), stroke (4%) and kidney disease (3%). Medicare pays the great majority of hospice care expenses (84%), followed by hidden guarnatee (8%), Medicaid (5%), charity care (1%) and self pay (1%).

As of 2008, there were roughly 4,700 locations which were providing hospice care in the United States, which represented about a 50% increase over ten years. There were about 3,700 companies and organizations which were providing hospice services in the United States. About half of the hospice care providers in the United States are for-profit organizations, and about half are non-profit organizations.
General summary of the Medicare and Medicaid Programs

In 1965, Congress established the Medicare agenda to supply condition guarnatee for the elderly and disabled. Payments from the Medicare agenda arise from the Medicare Trust fund, which is funded by government contributions and through payroll deductions from American workers. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (Cms), previously known as the condition Care Financing management (Hcfa), is the federal agency within the United States agency of condition and Human Services (Hhs) that administers the Medicare agenda and works in partnership with state governments to administer Medicaid.

In 2007, Cms reorganized its ten geography-based field offices to a Consortia structure based on the agency's key lines of business: Medicare condition plans, Medicare financial management, Medicare fee for assistance operations, Medicaid and children's health, survey & certification and quality improvement. The Cms consortia consist of the following:

• Consortium for Medicare condition Plans Operations
• Consortium for Financial management and Fee for assistance Operations
• Consortium for Medicaid and Children's condition Operations
• Consortium for quality improvement and survey & Certification Operations

Each consortium is led by a Consortium Administrator (Ca) who serves as the Cms's national focal point in the field for their company line. Each Ca is responsible for consistent implementation of Cms programs, procedure and guidance across all ten regions for matters pertaining to their company line. In expanding to accountability for a company line, each Ca also serves as the Agency's senior management lawful for two or three Regional Offices (Ros), representing the Cms Administrator in external matters and overseeing administrative operations.

Much of the daily management and operation of the Medicare agenda is managed through hidden guarnatee companies that contract with the Government. These hidden guarnatee companies, sometimes called "Medicare Carriers" or "Fiscal Intermediaries," are charged with and responsible for accepting Medicare claims, determining coverage, and making payments from the Medicare Trust Fund. These carriers, including Palmetto Government Benefits Administrators (hereinafter "Pgba"), a agency of Blue Cross and Blue Shield of South Carolina, operate pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §§ 1395h and 1395u and rely on the good faith and specific representations of condition care providers when processing claims.

Over the past forty years, the Medicare agenda has enabled the elderly and disabled to get considerable healing services from healing providers throughout the United States. considerable to the success of the Medicare agenda is the underlying idea that condition care providers accurately and indubitably submit claims and bills to the Medicare Trust Fund only for those healing treatments or services that are legitimate, cheap and medically necessary, in full compliancy with all laws, regulations, rules, and conditions of participation, and, further, that healing providers not take benefit of their elderly and disabled patients.

The Medicaid agenda is available only to sure low-income individuals and families who must meet eligibility requirements set forth by federal and state law. Each state sets its own guidelines with regard to eligibility and services. Although administered by individual states, the Medicaid agenda is funded primarily by the federal government. Medicaid does not pay money to patients; rather, it sends payments directly to the patient's condition care providers. Like Medicare, the Medicaid agenda depends on condition care providers to accurately and indubitably submit claims and bills to agenda administrators only for those healing treatments or services that are legitimate, cheap and medically necessary, in full compliancy with all laws, regulations, rules, and conditions of participation, and, further, that healing providers not take benefit of their indigent patients.

Medicare & Medicaid Hospice Laws Which influence Sc Hospices

Hospice fraud occurs when hospice organizations, by and through their employees, agents and owners, knowingly violate the terms and conditions of the applicable Medicare and Medicaid hospice statutes, regulations, rules and conditions of participation. In order to be able to identify hospice fraud, hospices, hospice patients, hospice employees and their attorneys and lawyers must know the Medicare laws and requirements relating to hospice care benefits.

Medicare's two main sources of authorization for hospice benefits are found in the communal protection Act and the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations. The statutory provisions are primarily found at 42 U.S.C. §§ 1395d, 1395e, 1395f(a)(7), 1395x(d)(d), and 1395y, and the regulatory provisions are found at 42 C.F.R. Part 418.

To be eligible for Medicare benefits for hospice care, the outpatient must be eligible for Medicare Part A and be terminally ill. 42 C.F.R. § 418.20. final illness is established when "the individual has a healing analysis that his or her life expectancy is 6 months or less if the illness runs its normal course." 42 C.F.R. § 418.3; 42 U.S.C. § 1395x(d)(d)(3). The patient's physician and the healing director of the hospice must certify in writing that the outpatient is "terminally ill." 42 U.S.C. § 1395f(a)(7); 42 C.F.R. § 418.20. After a patient's preliminary certification, Medicare provides for two ninety-day benefit periods followed by an unlimited whole of sixty-day benefit periods. 42 U.S.C. § 1395d(a)(4). At the end of each ninety- or sixty-day period, the outpatient can be re-certified only if at that time he or she has less than six months to live if the illness runs its normal course. 42 U.S.C. § 1395f(a)(7)(A). The written certification and re-certifications must be maintained in the patient's healing records. 42 C.F.R. § 418.23. A written plan of care must be established for each outpatient setting forth the types of hospice care services the outpatient is scheduled to receive, 42 U.S.C. § 1395f(a)(7)(B), and the hospice care has to be provided in accordance with such plan of care. 42 U.S.C. § 1395f(a)(7)(C); 42 C.F.R. § 418.56. Clinical records for each hospice outpatient must be maintained by the hospice, including plan of care, assessments, clinical notes, signed observation of election, outpatient responses to medication and therapy, physician certifications and re-certifications, outcome data, expand directives and physician orders. 42 C.F.R. § 418.104.

The hospice must get a written observation of choosing from the outpatient to elect to receive Medicare hospice benefits. 42 C.F.R. § 418.24. Importantly, once a outpatient has elected to receive hospice care benefits, the outpatient waives Medicare benefits for healing treatment for the final disease upon which is the admitting diagnosis. 42 C.F.R. § 418.24(d).

The hospice must prescribe an Interdisciplinary Group (Idg) or groups composed of individuals who work together to meet the physical, medical, psychosocial, emotional, and spiritual needs of the hospice patients and families facing final illness and bereavement. 42 C.F.R. § 418.56. The Idg members must supply the care and services offered by the hospice, and the group, in its entirety, must supervise the care and services. A registered nurse that is a member of the Idg must be designated to supply coordination of care and to ensure continuous estimation of each patient's and family's needs and implementation of the interdisciplinary plan of care. The interdisciplinary group must include, but is not petite to, the following distinguished and competent professionals: (i) A physician of treatment or osteopathy (who is an employee or under contract with the hospice); (ii) A registered nurse; (iii) A communal worker; and, (iv) A pastoral or other counselor. 42 C.F.R. § 418.56.

The Medicare hospice regulations, at 42 C.F.R. § 418.200, summarize the requirements for hospice coverage in pertinent part as follows:

To be covered, hospice services must meet the following requirements. They must be cheap and considerable for the palliation and management of the final illness as well as related conditions. The individual must elect hospice care in accordance with §418.24. A plan of care must be established and periodically reviewed by the attending physician, the healing director, and the interdisciplinary group of the hospice agenda as set forth in §418.56. That plan of care must be established before hospice care is provided. The services provided must be consistent with the plan of care. A certification that the individual is terminally ill must be completed as set forth in section §418.22.

The communal protection Act, at 42 U.S.C. § 1395y(a), limits Medicare hospice benefits, providing in pertinent part as follows: "Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, no cost may be made under part A or part B for any expenses incurred for items or services-... (C) in the case of hospice care, which are not cheap and considerable for the palliation or management of final illness...." 42 C.F.R. § 418.50 (hospice care must be "reasonable and considerable for the palliation and management of final illness"). Palliative care is defined in the regulations as "patient and family-centered care that optimizes quality of life by anticipating, preventing, and treating suffering. Palliative care throughout the continuum of illness involves addressing physical, intellectual, emotional, social, and spiritual needs and to facilitate outpatient autonomy, access to information, and choice." 42 C.F.R. § 418.3.

Medicare pays hospice agencies a daily rate for each day a beneficiary is enrolled in the hospice benefit and receives hospice care. The daily payments are made regardless of the whole of services furnished on a given day and are intended to cover costs that the hospice incurs in furnishing services identified in the patient's plan of care. There are four levels of payments which are made based on the whole of care required to meet beneficiary and house needs. 42 C.F.R. § 418.302; Cms Hospice Fact Sheet, November 2009. These four levels, and the corresponding 2010 daily rates, are as follows: routine home care (2.91); continuous home care (4.10); outpatient respite care (7.83); and, normal outpatient care (5.74).

The mixture annual cap per outpatient in 2009 was ,014.50. This cap is thought about by adjusting the primary hospice outpatient cap of ,500, set in 1984, by the consumer Price Index. See Cms Internet-Only manual 100-04, episode 11, section 80.2; 42 U.S.C. § 1395f(i); 42 C.F.R. § 418.309. The Medicare Claims Processing Manual, at episode 11 - Processing Hospice Claims, in Section 80.2, entitled "Cap on unabridged Hospice Reimbursement," provides in pertinent part as follows: "Any payments in excess of the cap must be refunded by the hospice."

Hospice patients are responsible for Medicare co-insurance payments for drugs and respite care, and the hospice may payment the outpatient for these co-insurance payments. However, the co-insurance payments for drugs are petite to the lesser of or 5% of the cost of the drugs to the hospice, and the co-insurance payments for respite care are ordinarily 5% of the cost made by Medicare for such services. 42 C.F.R. § 418.400.

The Medicare and Medicaid programs need institutional condition care providers, including hospice organizations, to file an enrollment application in order to qualify to receive the programs' benefits. As part of these enrollment applications, the hospice providers certify that they will comply with Medicare and Medicaid laws, regulations, and agenda instructions, and supplementary certify that they understand that cost of a claim by Medicare and Medicaid is conditioned upon the claim and underlying transaction complying with such agenda laws and requirements. The Medicare Enrollment Application which hospice providers must execute, Form Cms-855A, states in part as follows: "I agree to abide by the Medicare laws, regulations and agenda instructions that apply to this provider. The Medicare laws, regulations, and agenda instructions are available through the Medicare contractor. I understand that cost of a claim by Medicare is conditioned upon the claim and the underlying transaction complying with such laws, regulations, and agenda instructions (including, but not petite to, the Federal Aks and Stark laws), and on the provider's compliancy with all applicable conditions of participation in Medicare."

Hospices are ordinarily required to bill Medicare on a monthly basis. See the Medicare Claims Processing Manual, at episode 11 - Processing Hospice Claims, in Section 90 - Frequency of Billing. Hospices ordinarily file their hospice Medicare claims with their Fiscal Intermediary or Medicare Carrier pursuant to the Cms Claims manual Form Cms 1450 (sometime also called a Form Ub-04 or Form Ub-92), whether in paper or electronic form. These claim forms consist of representations and certifications which state in pertinent part that: (1) misrepresentations or falsifications of considerable facts may serve as the basis for civil monetary penalties and criminal convictions; (2) submission of the claim constitutes certification that the billing facts is true, correct and complete; (3) the submitter did not knowingly or recklessly disregard or misrepresent or conceal material facts; (4) all required physician certifications and re-certifications are on file; (5) all required outpatient signatures are on file; and, (6) for Medicaid purposes, the submitter understands that because cost and pleasure of this claim will be from Federal and State funds, any false statements, documents, or concealment of a material fact are field to prosecution under applicable Federal or State Laws.

Hospices must also file with Cms an annual cost and data record of Medicare payments received. 42 U.S.C. § 1395f(i)(3); 42 U.S.C. § 1395x(d)(d)(4). The annual hospice cost and data reports, Form Cms 1984-99, consist of representations and certifications which state in pertinent part that: (1) misrepresentations or falsifications of facts contained in the cost record may be punishable by criminal, civil and administrative actions, including fines and/or imprisonment; (2) if any services identified in the record were the product of a direct or indirect kickback or were otherwise illegal, then criminal, civil and administrative actions may result, including fines and/or imprisonment; (3) the record is a true, correct and unblemished statement prepared from the books and records of the victualer in accordance with applicable instructions, except as noted; and, (4) the signing officer is customary with the laws and regulations with regard to the provision of condition care services and that the services identified in this cost record were provided in compliancy with such laws and regulations.

Hospice Anti-Fraud enforcement Statutes

There are a whole of federal criminal, civil and administrative enforcement provisions set forth in the Medicare statutes which are aimed at preventing fraudulent conduct, including hospice fraud, and which help assert agenda integrity and compliance. Some of the more leading enforcement provisions of the Medicare statutes consist of the following: 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7b (Criminal fraud and anti-kickback penalties); 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7a and 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-8 (Civil monetary penalties for fraud); 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-7 (Administrative exclusions from participation in Medicare/Medicaid programs for fraud); 42 U.S.C. § 1320a-4 (Administrative subpoena power for the Comptroller General).

Other criminal enforcement provisions which are used to combat Medicare and Medicaid fraud, including hospice fraud, consist of the following: 18 U.S.C. § 1347 (General condition care fraud criminal statute); 21 U.S.C. §§ 353, 333 (Prescription Drug Marketing Act); 18 U.S.C. § 669 (Theft or Embezzlement in connection with condition Care); 18 U.S.C. § 1035 (False statements relating to condition Care); 18 U.S.C. § 2 (Aiding and Abetting); 18 U.S.C. § 3 (Accessory after the Fact); 18 U.S.C. § 4 (Misprision of a Felony); 18 U.S.C. § 286 (Conspiracy to defraud the Government with respect to Claims); 18 U.S.C. § 287 (False, Fictitious or Fraudulent Claims); 18 U.S.C. § 371 (Criminal Conspiracy); 18 U.S.C. § 1001 (False Statements); 18 U.S.C. § 1341 (Mail Fraud); 18 U.S.C. § 1343 (Wire Fraud); 18 U.S.C. § 1956 (Money Laundering); 18 U.S.C. § 1957 (Money Laundering); and, 18 U.S.C. § 1964 (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations ("Rico")).

The False Claims Act (Fca)

Hospice fraud whistleblowers may benefit financially under the reward provisions of the federal False Claims Act, 31 U.S.C. §§ 3729-3732, by bringing false claims suits, also known as qui tam or whistleblower suits, against their employers on behalf of the United States. The plaintiff in a hospice fraud whistleblower suit is also known as a relator. The most common Fca provisions upon which hospice fraud qui tam or whistleblower relators rely are found in 31 U.S.C. § 3729: (A) knowingly presents, or causes to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for cost or approval; (B) knowingly makes, uses, or causes to be made or used, a false record or statement material to a false or fraudulent claim; (C) conspires to commit a violation of subparagraph (A), (B), (D), (E), (F), or (G);..., and, (G) knowingly makes, uses, or causes to be made or used, a false record or statement material to an enforcement to pay or forward money or property to the Government, or knowingly conceals or knowingly and improperly avoids or decreases an enforcement to pay or forward money or property to the Government.... There is no requirement to prove specific intent to defraud. Rather, it is only considerable to prove actual knowledge of the false claims, false statements, or false records, or the defendant's deliberate indifference or reckless disregard of the truth or falsity of the information. 31 U.S.C. § 3729(b).

The Fca anti-retaliation provision protects the hospice whistleblower from retaliation from the hospice when the employee (or a contractor) "is discharged, demoted, suspended, threatened, harassed, or in any other manner discriminated against in the terms and conditions of employment" for taking activity to try to stop the fraudulent activity. 31 U.S.C. § 3730(h). A hospice employee's relief includes reinstatement, 2 times the whole of back pay, interest on the back pay, and payment for any extra damages sustained as a consequent of the discrimination or retaliation, including litigation costs and cheap attorneys' fees.

A Sc hospice fraud Fca whistleblower would initially file a disclosure statement, complaint and supporting documents with the U.S. Attorney's Office in Columbia, South Carolina, and the Us Attorney General. After the disclosures are filed, a federal court complaint can be filed. The Sc agency where the frauds occurred, the relator's residence, and the defendant residence, will decide which agency the case will be assigned. There are eleven federal court divisions in South Carolina. Once the case has been filed, the government has 60 days to decide whether or not to intervene. During this time, federal government investigators placed in South Carolina will explore the claims. If the case complex Medicaid, Sc Medicaid fraud unit investigators will likely become complex as well. If the government intervenes in the case, the U.S. Attorney for South Carolina is ordinarily the lead attorney. If the government does not intervene, the relator's Sc attorney will prosecute the case. In South Carolina, expect a qui tam case to take one to two years to get to trial.

Tips on Recognizing Hospice Fraud Schemes

The Hhs Office of Inspector normal (Oig) has issued extra Fraud Alerts for fraudulent and abusive practices of hospices. U.S. And South Carolina hospices, patients, hospice employees and whistleblowers, their attorneys and lawyers, should be customary with these hospice fraud practices. Tips on recognizing hospice frauds in South Carolina and the U.S. Are:

• A hospice gift free goods or goods at below shop value to induce a nursing home to refer patients to the hospice.
• False representations in a hospice's Medicare/Medicaid enrollment form.
• A hospice paying "room and board" payments to the nursing home in amounts in excess of what the nursing home would have received directly from Medicaid had the outpatient not been enrolled in the hospice.
• False statements in a hospice's claim form (Cms Forms 1450, Ub-04 or Ub-92).
• A hospice falsely billing for services that were not cheap or considerable for the palliation of the symptoms of a terminally ill patient.
• A hospice paying amounts to the nursing home for "additional" services that Medicaid thought about included in its room and board cost to the hospice.
• A hospice paying above fair shop value for "additional" non-core services which Medicaid does not think to be included in its room and board payments to the nursing home.
• A hospice referring patients to a nursing home to induce the nursing home to refer its patients to the hospice.
•A hospice providing free (or below fair shop value) care to nursing home patients, for whom the nursing home is receiving Medicare cost under the skilled nursing installation benefit, with the prospect that after the outpatient exhausts the skilled nursing installation benefit, the outpatient will receive hospice services from that hospice.
• A hospice providing staff at its charge to the nursing home to achieve duties that otherwise would be performed by the nursing home.
• Incomplete or no written Plan of Care was established or reviewed at specific intervals.
• Plan of Care did not consist of an estimation of needs.
• Fraudulent statements in a hospice's cost record to the government.
• observation of choosing was not obtained or was fraudulently obtained.
• Rn supervisory visits were not made for home condition aide services.
• Certification or Re-certification of final illness was not obtained or was fraudulently obtained.
• No Plan of care was included for bereavement services.
• Fraudulent billing for upcoded levels of hospice care.
• Hospice did not guide a self-assessment of quality and care provided.
• Clinical records were not maintained for every patient.
• Interdisciplinary group did not retell and modernize the plan of care for each patient.

Recent Hospice Fraud enforcement Cases

The Doj and U.S. Attorney's Offices have been active in enforcing hospice fraud cases.

In 2009, Kaiser Foundation Hospitals placed an Fca lawsuit by paying .8 million to the federal government. The defendant assertedly failed to get written certifications of final illness for a whole of its patients.

In 2006, Odyssey Healthcare, a national hospice provider, paid .9 million to decide a qui tam suit for false claims under the Fca. The hospice fraud allegations were ordinarily that Odyssey billed Medicare for providing hospice care to patients when they were not terminally ill and ineligible for Medicare hospice benefits. A Corporate Integrity deal was also a part of the settlement. The hospice fraud qui tam relator received .3 million for blowing the whistle on the defendant.

In 2005, Faith Hospice, Inc., placed claims an Fca claim for 0,000. The hospice fraud allegations were ordinarily that Faith Hospice billed Medicare for providing hospice care to patients more than half of whom were not terminally ill.

In 2005, Home Hospice of North Texas placed an Fca claim for 0,000 with regard to allegations of fraudulently billing Medicare for ineligible hospice patients.

In 2000, Michigan osteopath Donald Dreyfuss, who pleaded guilty to criminal fraud charges, including violation of the Aks for receiving illegal kickbacks from a hospice for recommending the hospice to the staff of his nursing home, placed an Fca suit for million.

Conclusion

Hospice fraud is a growing qoute in South Carolina and throughout the United States. South Carolina hospice patients, hospice employees, and their Sc lawyers and attorneys, should be customary with the basics of the hospice care industry, hospice eligibility under the Medicare and Medicaid programs, and typical hospice fraud schemes. Hospice organizations should take steps to ensure full compliancy with Medicare/Medicaid hospice billing requirements to avoid hospice fraud allegations and Fca litigation.

© 2010 Joseph P. Griffith, Jr.

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